Financial Preparation

• Determine your total investment budget (property + transaction costs + reserves)
• Establish a currency exchange strategy (SLL is not widely traded internationally)
• Research USD/SLL exchange rates and trends
• Set up international wire transfer capabilities with your home bank
• Consider opening a USD-denominated account with a Sierra Leonean bank
• Evaluate tax implications in both Sierra Leone and your home country
• Prepare for primarily cash-based transactions (financing is limited)
• Budget for higher contingency reserves than in developed markets (20-30%)

Market Research

• Identify target cities/regions based on investment goals (Freetown vs. secondary cities)
• Research neighborhood-specific trends and security considerations
• Join online forums for expatriates and investors in Sierra Leone
• Connect with Sierra Leonean diaspora communities in your area
• Review government development plans and infrastructure projects
• Analyze tenant demographics and rental demand in target areas
• Research utility availability (electricity, water) in potential investment areas
• Plan a preliminary market visit to evaluate areas firsthand

Professional Network Development

• Connect with lawyers specializing in real estate and foreign investments
• Identify reputable real estate agents with experience serving foreign clients
• Research property management companies in your target market
• Establish contact with SLIEPA for investment facilitation
• Find a Sierra Leonean tax accountant familiar with non-resident investor concerns
• Connect with licensed surveyors for property boundary verification
• Identify reputable construction firms if development is planned
• Build relationships with other foreign investors in the market

Expert Tip: The Sierra Leone property market has strong seasonality, with the dry season (November-April) being optimal for property viewing, construction, and transactions. The rainy season (May-October) can make property access difficult, especially in areas with unpaved roads. Additionally, many Sierra Leoneans in the diaspora return during December holidays, creating a competitive market for premium properties during this period. Consider timing your property viewing trip for January-February for optimal conditions without holiday competition.

Recent Regulatory Change: The Business Registration Reform Act of 2018 simplified company formation in Sierra Leone, reducing the process from 10 steps to 4 and cutting the timeline from 10+ days to approximately 3 days. Companies can now be registered online through the Corporate Affairs Commission, though foreign investors will still need a local registered agent. The minimum capital requirement for foreign-owned companies is $100,000 USD, though smaller amounts may be acceptable for certain sectors with SLIEPA approval.

Banking Setup

• Bank Account Options:
  • Local commercial banks: Access Bank, Rokel Commercial Bank, Sierra Leone Commercial Bank
  • International banks with local presence: Ecobank, Guaranty Trust Bank, United Bank for Africa
  • Account types: USD and SLL denominated options available
  • Mobile banking: Increasing availability but limited functionality
• Typical Requirements:
  • Passport and secondary identification
  • Proof of address (both local and in home country)
  • Reference letter from existing bank
  • Business registration (for corporate accounts)
  • Tax identification number (where applicable)
  • In-person application and interview
• Banking Considerations:
  • Limited international transfer capabilities
  • High service fees for international transactions
  • Cash withdrawal limits
  • Limited availability of banking services outside major cities
  • Intermittent electronic banking system functionality

Financing Options

Unlike developed markets, mortgage financing in Sierra Leone is extremely limited, with most transactions conducted on a cash basis. Available options include:

1. Local Bank Financing (Limited):
   • Availability: Highly restricted for foreigners, primarily for commercial projects
   • Down Payment: 40-60% typically required
   • Interest Rates: 18-25% for SLL loans, 12-18% for USD loans
   • Terms: Usually 3-7 years maximum
   • Qualification: Requires substantial local income or business presence
2. Developer Financing:
   • Some larger developers offer payment plans (not true mortgages)
   • Typically requires 30-50% down payment
   • Short-term payment schedules (1-3 years)
   • Higher embedded interest costs than direct purchases
3. Home Country Financing:
   • Refinancing existing properties in North America
   • Home equity lines of credit (HELOCs)
   • Personal loans against investment accounts
   • More favorable interest rates than local options
4. Investment Partners:
   • Joint ventures with other investors
   • Sierra Leonean diaspora partnership opportunities
   • Informal private financing arrangements

Most foreign investors utilize home country financing or cash for their Sierra Leone real estate investments, given the limited and expensive local financing options. For development projects, consider phased approaches to reduce capital requirements.

Currency Management

The Sierra Leonean Leone (SLL) has experienced significant volatility, creating both risks and opportunities:

• Exchange Rate Considerations:
  • Monitor USD/SLL trends to identify favorable exchange windows
  • Be aware of official vs. parallel market exchange rates
  • Understand Bank of Sierra Leone currency controls
  • Maintain majority of funds in USD when possible
• Currency Services:
  • Limited international money transfer services (Western Union, MoneyGram)
  • Mobile money services growing (Orange Money, Africell Money)
  • Banking wire transfers have high fees and long processing times
  • Consider USD cash for significant transactions (with proper security)
• Income Repatriation:
  • Formal banking channels require documentation of source funds
  • Profit repatriation may require Central Bank approval
  • SLIEPA-registered investments have preferential repatriation rights
  • Maintain accurate records for both Sierra Leonean and home country tax purposes

Currency management is critical in Sierra Leone, where annual inflation has averaged 15-20% in recent years. When possible, structure contracts and transactions in USD to mitigate local currency depreciation risk. For property investments that will generate rental income in SLL, develop a regular currency conversion strategy.

Property Search Resources

• Online Property Portals:
  • Sierra Leone Properties – Growing local listing site
  • Property Locator SL – Primarily Freetown listings
  • Facebook Groups – Informal but active listing source
  • Note: Online listings represent only a small portion of available properties
• Real Estate Agents:
  • Local agencies: Sierra Leone Property Solutions, Premier Properties, Freetown Real Estate
  • No formal licensing system for agents exists
  • Commission structures vary widely (5-10% typical)
  • Multiple agency representation is common
• Direct Networking:
  • Local business associations and chambers of commerce
  • Expatriate communities in Freetown
  • Sierra Leonean diaspora connections
  • Hotel staff and local drivers often have property knowledge
• Government Land Resources:
  • Ministry of Lands, Housing and Country Planning
  • SLIEPA investment facilitation for larger projects
  • Local councils for municipal land availability

The property search process in Sierra Leone is relationship-driven and less formalized than in North America. Be prepared to invest time in building connections and visiting properties not formally listed for sale.

Property Viewing Trip Planning

For overseas investors, an efficient property viewing trip is essential:

1. Pre-Trip Research:
   • Identify 5-10 potential areas/properties before arrival
   • Establish contact with multiple agents and sources
   • Research security situation in target neighborhoods
   • Arrange meetings with lawyers and surveyors
2. Trip Logistics:
   • Plan at least 7-10 days for meaningful property search
   • Arrange reliable transportation (driver recommended)
   • Stay in centrally located accommodation
   • Schedule viewings in geographical clusters
3. During Viewings:
   • Take detailed photos and videos, including surrounding areas
   • Check for basic utilities (water access, power reliability)
   • Inquire about flooding history (crucial in rainy season)
   • Verify road access quality in both dry and rainy conditions
   • Note proximity to security services, markets, and basic services
4. Local Guidance:
   • Engage a trusted local contact if possible
   • Visit properties at different times of day
   • Speak with neighbors about the area
   • Check mobile network coverage at the property

Be prepared for a less structured viewing process than in developed markets. Properties may not be staged for viewing, exact addresses are often unavailable, and appointments may be fluid. Flexibility and patience are essential.

Property Evaluation Criteria

Assess potential investments using these key criteria specific to Sierra Leone:

• Location Factors:
  • Year-round road access quality (critical during rainy season)
  • Security situation and proximity to police/security services
  • Elevation and drainage (flood risk assessment)
  • Distance to markets, healthcare, and essential services
  • Proximity to expat communities (if targeting that rental market)
  • Current and planned infrastructure projects nearby
• Property Characteristics:
  • Construction quality and materials (local vs. imported)
  • Water access (city supply, well, or tank system)
  • Power reliability and backup systems
  • Boundary demarcation clarity
  • Potential for phased development
  • Security features (walls, gates, guard facilities)
• Rental Potential:
  • Target tenant market (expatriate, local professional, business)
  • Rental rates for comparable properties
  • Seasonal demand fluctuations
  • Amenities important to target tenants
  • Property management options in the area
  • Potential for alternative use (commercial/residential flexibility)
• Financial Considerations:
  • Price compared to similar properties (limited comps available)
  • Development costs if improvements needed
  • Ongoing maintenance requirements
  • Currency denomination of rental income
  • Utility and security costs
  • Potential for value appreciation based on area development

Expert Tip: In Sierra Leone, water and electricity access should be top priorities in your property evaluation. City water supply is inconsistent even in Freetown, so properties with wells or comprehensive water storage systems command premium values. Similarly, properties with reliable backup power systems (generators or solar) are significantly more marketable to both expatriate and local professional tenants. These infrastructure elements can increase property values by 15-25% and dramatically improve rental potential, especially during the dry season when water shortages are common.

Legal Due Diligence

• ✓
  Title Verification: Confirm registered ownership status at the Office of the Administrator and Registrar General (for Western Area) or with Paramount Chiefs and local authorities (for Provinces)
• ✓
  Encumbrance Check: Verify there are no liens, mortgages, or restrictions
• ✓
  Land Use Verification: Confirm zoning and permitted uses with Ministry of Lands
• ✓
  Tax Clearance: Ensure all property taxes are current
• ✓
  Family/Community Approval: For provincial land, verify all family members or community authorities consent
• ✓
  Lease Terms Review: Analyze lease duration, renewal terms, and transfer rights
• ✓
  Planning Permission: Check compliance with planning regulations and building permits
• ✓
  Boundary Verification: Confirm survey plan matches actual physical boundaries

Physical Due Diligence

• ✓
  Property Survey: Commission a registered surveyor to verify boundaries and land area
• ✓
  Building Inspection: Assess structural integrity, materials quality, and construction standards
• ✓
  Water Resources: Verify water access, test well water quality if applicable
• ✓
  Power Systems: Test electrical systems and backup power infrastructure
• ✓
  Access Assessment: Evaluate road conditions in both dry and rainy seasons
• ✓
  Environmental Factors: Check for drainage issues, flooding history, and erosion risks
• ✓
  Renovation Assessment: If improvements needed, obtain detailed estimates from local contractors

Financial & Practical Due Diligence

• ✓
  Comparable Market Analysis: Research prices of similar properties in the area (limited data available)
• ✓
  Rental Market Assessment: Verify realistic rental expectations with local agents and property managers
• ✓
  Tax Calculation: Determine applicable taxes and annual fees
• ✓
  Utility Costs: Research typical electricity, water, generator fuel, and internet costs
• ✓
  Security Costs: Budget for guards, security systems, and compound maintenance
• ✓
  Community Relations: Assess relationship with neighbors and community expectations
• ✓
  Exit Strategy Assessment: Evaluate resale potential and market liquidity

Expert Tip: Land ownership verification in Sierra Leone requires multiple checks due to limited record digitization and overlapping claims. For Western Area properties (including Freetown), always verify with both the Office of the Administrator and Registrar General AND the Ministry of Lands. For provincial properties, approval documents should include signatures from the Paramount Chief, relevant family heads, and local council representatives. Ideally, all key stakeholders should be present during at least one site visit to verbally confirm their approval of the transaction. This multi-layered approach significantly reduces the risk of future disputes.

Offer and Negotiation

1. Initial Interest: Express interest through agent or directly to owner
2. Informal Negotiation: Verbal discussions on price and terms (expect significant bargaining)
3. Written Offer: Present formal letter of interest with basic terms
4. Preliminary Agreement: Sign memorandum of understanding outlining key terms
5. Deposit: Pay small good faith deposit (typically $1,000-5,000) to secure exclusivity

Negotiations in Sierra Leone are typically more relationship-based and less formal than in North America. Price expectations can vary widely, and initial asking prices may be significantly inflated, especially for foreign buyers. Having a trusted local advisor or agent during negotiations is highly valuable to understand realistic market values.

Documentation Process

1. Engage Legal Representation: Hire a qualified local lawyer to handle documentation
2. Due Diligence Period:
   • Title verification
   • Property survey confirmation
   • Family/community approvals (for provincial property)
   • Tax clearance confirmation
3. Draft Agreements:
   • Lease agreement (for foreign buyers)
   • Sale and purchase agreement (if through Sierra Leonean company)
   • Payment schedule and terms
4. Government Approvals:
   • Ministry of Lands authorization
   • Local council endorsement
   • SLIEPA registration (for larger investments)
5. Formal Signing:
   • Signing ceremony with all relevant parties
   • Payment of main deposit (typically 30-50%)
   • Notarization of documents
6. Registration:
   • Document registration with appropriate authorities
   • Payment of registration fees
   • Issuance of registered lease document
7. Final Payment and Handover:
   • Balance payment
   • Property handover
   • Utility transfer arrangements

The timeframe from initial agreement to completion typically ranges from 1-3 months for straightforward transactions in the Western Area, and potentially longer for provincial properties where customary approvals are required. Delays are common in the process, so flexibility in timing is advisable.

Transaction Costs

Budget for these typical transaction expenses:

• Registration Fees:
  • 0.1% to 1% of property value
  • Varies based on property type and location
  • Additional stamp duty (approximately 0.5%)
• Legal Fees: 3-5% of property value for comprehensive services
• Survey Costs: $500-2,000 depending on property size and location
• Agency Commission: 5-10% (if using an agent, typically paid by seller but can be negotiable)
• Local Council Fees: Varies by location ($100-500)
• Ministry of Lands Processing Fees: $200-1,000 based on property value
• Notarization Fees: $50-200 for document certification
• Currency Exchange Costs: Varies by provider (1-3% spread)

Total transaction costs for foreign investors typically range from 5-10% of the purchase price, with higher percentages applying to lower-value properties. These costs should be factored into your overall investment calculations. Cash transactions are the norm, so ensure secure methods for transferring larger amounts.

Expert Tip: When structuring payment schedules in Sierra Leone, always tie payments to specific documentation milestones rather than calendar dates. For example, make the second payment contingent upon receiving the signed and notarized lease agreement, and final payment upon receipt of the registered documents. This approach protects you from making full payment before documentation is complete, which is particularly important in a system where processing delays are common. Additionally, maintain copies of all receipts for government payments, as these may be requested during future transactions involving the property.

Administrative Tasks

• ✓
  Document Security: Make multiple copies of all property documents and store securely in different locations
• ✓
  Property Tax Registration: Register with local council for annual property taxes
• ✓
  Utility Connections: Establish accounts for electricity, water, and other services
• ✓
  Security Arrangements: Implement security measures (guards, systems, physical barriers)
• ✓
  Property Maintenance Plan: Establish regular maintenance schedule, especially important in tropical climate
• ✓
  Property Manager Engagement: Hire property manager if not personally present
• ✓
  Community Relations: Establish relationship with neighbors and local community leaders

Property Improvement Considerations

For properties requiring development or renovation in Sierra Leone:

• Planning Permission:
  • Required for significant structural changes
  • Obtained from Ministry of Lands and local council
  • Process takes 1-3 months typically
• Contractor Selection:
  • Vet multiple contractors and check previous work
  • Formal contracts with detailed specifications are essential
  • Payment schedules tied to completion milestones
  • Supervision is critical throughout the process
• Materials Sourcing:
  • Locally available materials (cement, sand, timber) vs. imported (fixtures, specialized items)
  • Import logistics for specialty materials (adds 1-3 months to timeline)
  • Storage security for materials on-site
• Infrastructure Development:
  • Water systems (wells, pumps, storage tanks)
  • Power systems (solar, generator backups)
  • Access improvements (road surfacing, drainage)
  • Security installations (walls, gates, lighting)
• Project Management:
  • Regular site visits and progress monitoring
  • Quality control inspections at key stages
  • Budget monitoring and variance management
  • Local project manager essential for non-resident investors

Construction and renovation timelines in Sierra Leone typically run 50-100% longer than initial estimates due to material availability challenges, weather disruptions, and labor management issues. Budget contingencies of 20-30% are advisable for renovation projects.

Record Keeping

Maintain comprehensive records for legal protection and tax purposes:

• Property Documents:
  • Purchase agreements and payment receipts
  • Registered lease documents
  • Survey plans and property descriptions
  • Planning permissions and approvals
  • Property tax receipts and clearance certificates
• Financial Records:
  • All property-related expenses with receipts
  • Maintenance and repair costs
  • Utility payments and connection fees
  • Security expenses
  • Rental income and tenant deposits
  • Currency exchange documentation
• Tax Documentation:
  • Annual property tax payments
  • Rental income tax filings
  • Capital improvement records
  • Business registration renewals (if applicable)
• Tenant Information:
  • Rental agreements
  • Tenant identification and references
  • Rental payment records
  • Property condition reports
  • Maintenance request documentation

Both Sierra Leonean and home country tax authorities may require documentation going back several years. Digital record-keeping with secure backups is strongly recommended, with key documents also maintained in hard copy. For non-resident investors, establishing a reliable document management system with your local representative is essential.

Expert Tip: In Sierra Leone’s developing legal environment, property boundaries and rights can sometimes be challenged. As a protective measure, conduct annual “property affirmation” activities. This includes a physical inspection of boundary markers, brief courteous meetings with neighbors and local leaders to maintain relationships, and obtaining an updated letter from local authorities confirming your continued legitimate occupancy. For leasehold properties, begin renewal discussions at least two years before the lease term expires to allow sufficient time for the often-lengthy administrative process. Maintaining these regular check-ins dramatically reduces the risk of property disputes.

Sierra Leone Tax Obligations

• Property Tax:
  • Annual tax assessed by local councils
  • Rates vary by location and property value (0.1-0.5% of estimated value)
  • Typically higher rates for commercial properties
  • Due annually, with penalties for late payment
• Rental Income Tax:
  • Flat rate of 10% for non-resident landlords
  • Payable to National Revenue Authority
  • Tenant can be legally required to withhold tax
  • Annual declaration required
• Capital Gains Tax:
  • Currently no specific capital gains tax in Sierra Leone
  • Gains may be treated as business income in some circumstances
  • Tax regulations evolving; professional advice needed at time of sale
• Corporate Income Tax:
  • 30% standard rate for companies
  • Applicable if property held through Sierra Leonean company
  • Various deductions available for business expenses
  • Annual filing required
• Goods and Services Tax (GST):
  • 15% standard rate
  • Applicable to commercial rental income above threshold (Le 350 million annually)
  • Registration required if threshold exceeded
• Withholding Taxes:
  • Various withholding obligations for service payments
  • 5-15% rates depending on service type
  • Monthly remittance required

Home Country Tax Obligations

Sierra Leone does not currently have comprehensive tax treaties with either the United States or Canada. This can potentially lead to more complex tax situations and the risk of double taxation in some circumstances. Consultation with tax professionals familiar with both jurisdictions is strongly advised.

Tax Planning Strategies

• Entity Structure: Evaluate whether personal ownership or company structure optimizes tax position
• Expense Documentation: Maintain meticulous records of all allowable expenses to maximize deductions
• Revenue Timing: Consider timing of income recognition for tax efficiency
• Capital Improvements: Document all capital expenditures which may reduce future tax liability
• Lease Income Structure: Consider structuring lease agreements to optimize tax treatment
• SLIEPA Registration: Tax incentives may be available for qualifying investments
• Timing of Disposals: Consider tax year timing for property sales
• Foreign Exchange Impact: Be aware of how currency fluctuations affect tax reporting

Tax regulations in Sierra Leone are evolving, with reforms ongoing as the country develops its tax administration capabilities. Regular consultations with local tax professionals are essential to ensure continued compliance and optimal structuring.

Expert Tip: In Sierra Leone, face-to-face relationships with tax authorities can significantly streamline compliance. Consider engaging a reputable local tax consultant who maintains good working relationships with tax officials. This approach can help navigate the evolving tax system, where written rules and practical implementation sometimes differ. Additionally, for rental properties, structure leases to denominate rents in USD but accept payment in Leones at the prevailing rate. This practice, common in Sierra Leone, helps protect against currency depreciation while maintaining compliance with local financial regulations.

Selecting a Property Manager

Evaluate potential property managers using these criteria:

• Experience with Foreign Owners:
  • Track record working with non-resident investors
  • International communication capabilities
  • Understanding of expatriate tenant needs
• Professional Background:
  • Years in operation
  • Size of property portfolio under management
  • Staff qualifications and training
• Market Knowledge:
  • Specialization in your property type/location
  • Understanding of rental pricing trends
  • Established tenant network, especially expatriate connections
• Communication Systems:
  • Regular reporting protocols
  • International communication methods
  • Emergency notification procedures
• Maintenance Capabilities:
  • In-house maintenance staff or contractor network
  • Preventative maintenance programs
  • Emergency response procedures
• Financial Management:
  • Accounting systems and reporting
  • Banking arrangements for rental income
  • Expense approval processes
• Security Management:
  • Security staff supervision
  • Systems maintenance and monitoring
  • Incident response protocols

Management Agreement Essentials

Ensure your property management contract includes these key elements:

• Scope of Services: Detailed description of exactly what is included and excluded
• Fee Structure: Clear explanation of all management fees, commissions, and additional charges
• Contract Term and Notice Period: Duration of agreement and termination procedures
• Reporting Schedule: Frequency and format of financial and property condition reports
• Maintenance Authority: Spending limits for repairs without prior approval
• Tenant Selection Criteria: Parameters for approving potential tenants
• Rent Collection Procedures: Methods, timing, and handling of arrears
• Banking Arrangements: How rental income will be collected, held, and transferred
• Insurance Requirements: Coverage expectations and liability boundaries
• Security Protocols: Standards for guards, systems, and incident response
• Vacancy Procedures: Maintenance and security during vacant periods
• Dispute Resolution: Process for addressing disagreements

The property management industry in Sierra Leone is still developing, with few standardized practices. Detailed contracts are essential to establish clear expectations. Request references from current clients, particularly other overseas investors, before engaging a property manager.

Expert Tip: In Sierra Leone, effective property management often requires a layered approach. Consider combining a professional management company for tenant acquisition, legal matters, and financial reporting with an on-site caretaker who lives on or near the property. This dual system provides both professional oversight and immediate response capabilities for security and maintenance issues. For residential properties, many investors find that providing housing for a trusted caretaker family creates a continuous presence that significantly enhances property security while allowing for immediate response to maintenance issues, especially during the rainy season when quick attention to leaks or drainage problems can prevent costly damage.

Exit Options

Sale Process

When selling your Sierra Leone property interest:

1. Pre-Sale Preparation:
   • Property repairs and cosmetic improvements
   • Documentation organization and verification
   • Lease status confirmation (for leaseholds)
   • Tax clearance certificates
2. Valuation and Pricing:
   • Professional valuation (limited formal appraisers available)
   • Comparative market analysis where data available
   • Consideration of improvements and unique features
   • Currency denomination decision (USD vs. SLL)
3. Marketing Strategy:
   • Engage multiple agents for wider exposure
   • International marketing for premium properties
   • Diaspora community targeting
   • Institutional buyer outreach for commercial properties
4. Negotiation Process:
   • Flexibility on price but firmness on payment terms
   • Clear definition of what is included in sale
   • Security deposits and earnest money arrangements
   • Payment schedule tied to documentation milestones
5. Transaction Documentation:
   • Lease assignment documentation
   • Sale and purchase agreements
   • Asset transfer documents
   • Government approvals and registrations
6. Post-Sale Requirements:
   • Tax clearance certificates
   • Utility account transfers
   • Staff termination or transfer arrangements
   • Fund repatriation process

The selling process in Sierra Leone typically takes 3-12 months depending on property type, location, and price point. Luxury or specialized properties may take longer to find appropriate buyers. Working with multiple marketing channels simultaneously is often necessary due to the fragmented nature of the market.

Market Exit Timing Considerations

Several factors should influence your exit timing decision:

• Political Cycle: Elections and transitions can create market uncertainty; consider timing exits during stable periods between electoral cycles
• Infrastructure Developments: Major completions (roads, power projects, commercial developments) can significantly enhance property values
• Currency Conditions: Monitor SLL/USD trends to identify favorable exchange windows for repatriation of proceeds
• Lease Term Remaining: Property value typically declines as lease approaches final years; optimal selling window is with 50-70% of term remaining
• Seasonal Factors: Dry season (November-April) typically sees higher market activity and better property presentation opportunities
• Economic Development Projects: Major investments in nearby areas can create value appreciation windows
• Diaspora Return Periods: December-January typically sees increased property interest from returning diaspora
• Regional Security Conditions: Stable periods typically support stronger valuation and buyer interest

The Sierra Leone property market is still developing, with less liquidity than established markets. Long-term planning for exit is essential, as opportunistic or rapid exits can be challenging. Building relationships with potential future buyers (expatriate communities, growing businesses, NGOs) throughout your ownership period can create pre-identified exit channels when needed.

Expert Tip: For leasehold properties in Sierra Leone, consider a “value enhancement exit” approach. Approximately 5-7 years before your planned exit, invest in strategic improvements that appeal to the expatriate market—reliable water systems, upgraded security features, energy-efficient cooling, and modern telecommunications infrastructure. These targeted investments typically return 150-200% of their cost in final sale value by attracting institutional buyers like international organizations, embassies, and multinational corporations that have specific facility requirements and larger budgets. Additionally, negotiate lease renewal terms well in advance of your sale to provide the next owner with clarity on long-term tenure, significantly enhancing the property’s marketability and value.