MODULE 7 β€’ WEEK 24 β€’ LESSON 93

Property Inspections: Due Diligence Mastery

Master professional property inspection techniques to identify defects, estimate repair costs, and negotiate effectively

⏱️ 30 min πŸ” Inspection checklist πŸ“‹ Real scenarios ❓ 10 questions
Module 7
Week 24
Lesson 93
Quiz

The $47,000 Inspection That Saved Everything:

Sarah Chen was 48 hours from closing on her dream investment propertyβ€”a Victorian triplex in Seattle listed at $850,000. Her basic inspection found “minor issues.” But Sarah, trained in comprehensive due diligence, insisted on specialized inspections. The structural engineer discovered foundation settlement requiring $140,000 in underpinning. The sewer scope revealed collapsed pipes needing $35,000 replacement. Environmental testing found asbestos throughoutβ€”another $55,000. Total hidden defects: $230,000. Sarah’s $3,200 in thorough inspections saved her from financial disaster. The seller, faced with disclosure requirements, dropped the price to $620,000 and credited $50,000 for repairs. That $47,000 inspection knowledge literally changed Sarah’s investment from potential bankruptcy to a property now worth $1.2 million. Today, you master the inspection strategies that protect investments and create negotiating power.

1. Professional Property Inspection Framework

Property inspections are your primary defense against costly surprises and your most powerful negotiation tool. Understanding professional inspection protocols transforms you from vulnerable buyer to informed negotiator.

πŸ” The Complete Inspection System

πŸ“‹ Types of Property Inspections

🏠
General Home Inspection

Purpose: Overall property condition assessment

Duration: 2-4 hours

Cost: $300-$600

Covers: Structure, roof, HVAC, plumbing, electrical, interior/exterior

Key Areas:
  • Foundation and structural components
  • Roofing system and attic
  • Electrical panel and wiring
  • Plumbing fixtures and pipes
  • HVAC operation and condition
  • Windows, doors, and insulation
  • Appliances and built-ins
πŸ”§
Specialized System Inspections

When Needed: Older systems, visible issues, or high-value properties

HVAC Inspection

Cost: $200-$400

Includes: Efficiency testing, duct inspection, remaining lifespan

Electrical Inspection

Cost: $200-$500

Includes: Panel capacity, code compliance, safety issues

Plumbing Inspection

Cost: $200-$500

Includes: Pipe condition, water pressure, leak detection

πŸ—οΈ
Structural & Foundation

Critical For: Visible cracks, uneven floors, door/window issues

Cost: $500-$1,000

Inspector: Licensed structural engineer

Red Flags Requiring Structural Inspection:
  • Cracks wider than 1/4 inch in foundation
  • Sloping or uneven floors
  • Doors/windows that won’t close properly
  • Visible foundation movement or settlement
  • Basement water intrusion
  • Cracked or bowing walls
🚿
Sewer Scope Inspection

Essential For: Properties built before 1980, trees near sewer lines

Cost: $200-$400

Technology: Camera inspection of main sewer line

Common Findings:
  • Tree root intrusion ($3,000-$10,000 repair)
  • Pipe bellies or separations ($5,000-$15,000)
  • Collapsed sections ($10,000-$25,000)
  • Cast iron deterioration (replacement needed)
☠️
Environmental Inspections

Critical Testing: Protects health and avoids massive remediation costs

Asbestos Testing

Cost: $200-$800

Risk Properties: Built before 1980

Remediation: $15,000-$30,000+

Lead Paint Testing

Cost: $200-$400

Risk Properties: Built before 1978

Remediation: $8,000-$15,000

Radon Testing

Cost: $100-$200

Mitigation: $1,500-$3,000

Mold Inspection

Cost: $300-$600

Remediation: $500-$6,000+

🏊
Specialty Inspections

Property-Specific: Based on unique features or concerns

  • Pool/Spa: $200-$500 (equipment, structure, safety)
  • Septic System: $300-$600 (tank, field, pumping)
  • Well Water: $200-$400 (quality, flow rate, equipment)
  • Chimney: $200-$500 (structure, flue, safety)
  • Pest/Termite: $100-$300 (damage, active infestation)
  • Energy Audit: $200-$500 (efficiency, insulation, air sealing)

πŸ“… Inspection Timeline & Sequencing

1
Initial Offer Phase

Pre-Inspection (if allowed): Visual walk-through

Purpose: Identify obvious issues for offer pricing

Time: 30-60 minutes

2
Inspection Period Begins

General Inspection: Schedule immediately (Day 1-3)

Review Report: Identify needs for specialized inspections

Typical Period: 7-10 days total

3
Specialized Inspections

Schedule: Based on general inspection findings (Day 4-7)

Priority: Structural, sewer, environmental first

Coordination: May need seller cooperation for access

4
Negotiate & Decide

Compile Findings: Total repair cost estimates

Options: Request repairs, credits, or price reduction

Deadline: Must decide before contingency expires

2. Professional Inspection Strategies

Successful property inspection goes beyond hiring inspectorsβ€”it requires strategic planning, active participation, and skillful use of findings in negotiations.

🎯 Maximizing Inspection Value

πŸ“‹ Pre-Inspection Preparation

Document Review
  • Seller’s property disclosure statement
  • Previous inspection reports (if available)
  • Utility bills for last 12 months
  • Maintenance records and receipts
  • Warranty documentation
  • Insurance claim history
Physical Preparation
  • Ensure all utilities are on
  • Clear access to all areas (attic, crawlspace, electrical panel)
  • Remove stored items blocking systems
  • Have keys/codes for all locked areas
  • Plan for 3-4 hour inspection window
Inspector Selection
  • Verify licensing and insurance
  • Check inspection association memberships (ASHI, InterNACHI)
  • Read sample reports before hiring
  • Confirm what’s included/excluded
  • Understand report delivery timeline

πŸ” During the Inspection

βœ… What TO Do:
  • Attend in person: Learn about your property firsthand
  • Take photos/videos: Document issues for contractors
  • Ask questions: Understand severity and repair options
  • Request cost estimates: Get inspector’s repair ballparks
  • Focus on major systems: These are your biggest expenses
  • Test everything: Run all appliances, faucets, switches
  • Note positive features: Good systems save money
❌ What NOT to Do:
  • Don’t distract: Let inspector work systematically
  • Don’t hide issues: Full disclosure protects everyone
  • Don’t panic: Most homes have some issues
  • Don’t negotiate yet: Wait for complete picture
  • Don’t skip areas: Inspect every accessible space
  • Don’t bring contractors: May violate inspection agreement

πŸ“Š Post-Inspection Analysis

Issue Categories:
🚨 Critical (Safety/Structural)

Must be addressed immediately

  • Structural damage
  • Electrical hazards
  • Gas leaks
  • Water damage/mold
  • Foundation problems
⚠️ Major (Expensive Repairs)

Significant cost impact

  • Roof replacement needed
  • HVAC system failing
  • Plumbing repiping
  • Electrical panel upgrade
  • Siding replacement
πŸ“ Minor (Maintenance Items)

Normal wear and tear

  • Caulking needed
  • Gutter cleaning
  • Minor wood rot
  • Dated fixtures
  • Paint touch-ups
πŸ’° Getting Accurate Repair Estimates:
  1. Use inspection report: Share with contractors for quotes
  2. Get 3 bids: For any repair over $1,000
  3. Add contingency: 20% buffer for unknowns
  4. Consider timing: Urgent vs. can-wait repairs
  5. Factor permits: Some repairs require costly permits

3. Using Inspection Findings in Negotiations

Inspection findings are powerful negotiation tools when used strategically. The key is presenting findings professionally and proposing reasonable solutions.

πŸ’ͺ Negotiation Strategies Based on Findings

🎯 Your Negotiation Options

1. Request Repairs

Best For: Critical safety issues, deal-breakers

Pros: Work completed before closing

Cons: Seller chooses cheapest option

Tips:
  • Specify licensed contractors only
  • Request receipts and warranties
  • Right to re-inspect after repairs
  • Focus on safety/structural only
2. Request Credit at Closing

Best For: Most situations, gives buyer control

Pros: Choose your own contractors

Cons: Need cash to cover repairs initially

Tips:
  • Get contractor bids first
  • Request 100-120% of lowest bid
  • Lender limits may apply (2-3% typically)
  • Can be applied to closing costs
3. Price Reduction

Best For: Major issues, cash buyers

Pros: Reduces loan amount and taxes

Cons: Still need funds for repairs

Tips:
  • Calculate total repair costs first
  • Add 20-30% for unknowns
  • Impacts agent commissions
  • May affect appraisal requirements
4. Walk Away

Best For: Overwhelming problems, hidden issues

Pros: Avoid money pit properties

Cons: Lose inspection costs, time

When to Walk:
  • Foundation issues over $50k
  • Extensive hidden damage
  • Environmental hazards
  • Seller refuses reasonable requests

πŸ“ Professional Negotiation Approach

Inspection Response Letter Template:

Opening:
“Thank you for providing access for our inspections. We remain interested in purchasing the property and would like to address the following findings:”

Present Findings:
“Our licensed inspectors identified the following items requiring attention:
β€’ Critical: [List safety/structural issues with repair estimates]
β€’ Major: [List expensive repairs with estimates]
β€’ Total estimated repairs: $XX,XXX”

Propose Solution:
“To move forward with the purchase, we propose:
Option A: Seller completes repairs 1, 2, and 3 prior to closing using licensed contractors
Option B: $XX,XXX credit at closing to address all identified issues”

Closing:
“We believe this is a fair resolution that allows the transaction to proceed. We look forward to your response by [date].”

4. Professional Property Inspection Checklist Tool

Use this comprehensive checklist during property inspections to ensure nothing is missed:

πŸ” Complete Property Inspection Checklist

Property Information:

🏠 EXTERIOR INSPECTION

Foundation & Structure
Roof & Gutters
Siding & Exterior Walls
Windows & Doors

🏘️ INTERIOR INSPECTION

Structural Elements
Kitchen
Bathrooms

⚑ SYSTEMS INSPECTION

Electrical System
Plumbing System
HVAC System

🏚️ ADDITIONAL AREAS

Attic
Basement/Crawlspace
Garage

☠️ ENVIRONMENTAL & SAFETY

Safety Systems
Environmental Concerns

πŸ“Š INSPECTION SUMMARY

Major Issues Identified
Items Requiring Further Evaluation
Estimated Total Repair Costs
Negotiation Strategy Notes

πŸ” Inspection Analysis Challenge

Analyze Real Inspection Report & Develop Negotiation Strategy (30 minutes):

Apply your inspection knowledge to evaluate findings and create a professional negotiation strategy:

🏠 Property: 1960s Ranch Investment Property

Property Details:

Address: 2847 Oak Street, Portland, OR

Year Built: 1962

Size: 1,850 SF, 3BR/2BA

List Price: $475,000

Your Offer: $465,000 (accepted, contingent on inspection)

Inspection Period: Day 3 of 10

Inspection Report Summary:
🚨 Critical Issues:
  • Electrical panel: Federal Pacific Stab-Lok (fire hazard) – Replace required
  • Foundation: 2″ settlement at SW corner, 1/2″ crack in basement wall
  • Asbestos: Vermiculite insulation in attic (tested positive)
⚠️ Major Issues:
  • Roof: Original cedar shake, multiple leaks, full replacement needed
  • Sewer line: Camera shows root intrusion, bellied pipe at 45 feet
  • HVAC: Furnace 28 years old, AC compressor not functioning
  • Windows: Original single-pane, 6 broken seals, poor efficiency
πŸ“ Minor Issues:
  • Bathroom ventilation fans not working
  • Kitchen GFCI outlets need replacement
  • Gutters need cleaning and reattachment
  • Interior paint and flooring updates needed
πŸ’° Contractor Estimates Received:
  • Electrical panel replacement: $3,200 – $3,800
  • Foundation repair: $12,000 – $18,000
  • Asbestos abatement: $8,000 – $12,000
  • Roof replacement: $18,000 – $22,000
  • Sewer line repair: $8,000 – $15,000
  • HVAC replacement: $8,000 – $10,000
  • Window replacement: $15,000 – $20,000
  • Minor repairs: $3,000 – $4,000

Total Estimated Repairs: $75,200 – $104,800

Complete Analysis Requirements:

1. Inspection Finding Analysis (20 points)
  • Categorize issues by priority and safety
  • Identify which require immediate attention
  • Determine deal-breaker potential
  • Calculate total financial impact
2. Additional Investigation Needs (15 points)
  • What specialist inspections are needed?
  • Timeline for additional evaluations
  • Potential hidden issues to explore
  • Cost of further investigations
3. Negotiation Strategy (25 points)
  • Determine negotiation approach
  • Prioritize repair requests
  • Calculate fair adjustment amount
  • Develop backup positions
4. Financial Analysis (20 points)
  • Impact on investment returns
  • Revised purchase price analysis
  • Cash needed for repairs
  • Effect on financing
5. Professional Response (20 points)
  • Draft inspection response letter
  • Present findings professionally
  • Propose specific solutions
  • Set response deadline

Your Inspection Analysis & Negotiation Strategy:

πŸ“‹ Analysis Template (always visible)

PROPERTY INSPECTION ANALYSIS – 2847 OAK STREET

  • INSPECTION FINDINGS SUMMARY:
  • Total Issues Identified: ___ critical, ___ major, ___ minor
  • Total Estimated Repair Costs: $_____ to $_____
  • Average Repair Estimate: $_____
  • CRITICAL SAFETY ISSUES REQUIRING IMMEDIATE ACTION:
  • 1. Electrical Panel (Federal Pacific): $_____ – MUST REPLACE
  • – Fire hazard, insurance issues
  • – Required for financing approval
  • – Timeline: ________________
  • 2. Foundation Settlement: $_____ – STRUCTURAL CONCERN
  • – Severity assessment: ________________
  • – Progression risk: ________________
  • – Warranty options: ________________
  • 3. Asbestos in Attic: $_____ – HEALTH HAZARD
  • – Abatement required before any attic work
  • – Disclosure requirements: ________________
  • – Professional removal only
  • MAJOR SYSTEM FAILURES:
  • 1. Roof Replacement: $_____
  • – Active leaks = immediate need
  • – Insurance claim potential: ________________
  • – Warranty available: ________________
  • 2. Sewer Line Issues: $_____
  • – Severity of root intrusion: ________________
  • – Repair vs replacement: ________________
  • – City responsibility check: ________________
  • 3. HVAC System: $_____
  • – Heating functional? ________________
  • – AC completely dead
  • – Energy efficiency impact: ________________
  • ADDITIONAL INVESTIGATIONS NEEDED:
  • 1. Structural Engineer for Foundation: $_____ (Priority: HIGH)
  • – Determine if actively moving
  • – Get detailed repair specifications
  • – Timeline: Schedule within ___ days
  • 2. Environmental Specialist: $_____ (Priority: HIGH)
  • – Full asbestos survey
  • – Lead paint testing (1962 construction)
  • – Timeline: ________________
  • 3. Sewer Line Second Opinion: $_____ (Priority: MEDIUM)
  • – Verify repair vs replacement need
  • – Check for additional issues
  • FINANCIAL IMPACT ANALYSIS:
  • Original Offer Price: $465,000
  • Minimum Repair Costs: $75,200
  • Maximum Repair Costs: $104,800
  • Average Expected: $90,000
  • Effective Purchase Price with Repairs: $_____
  • Original List Price: $475,000
  • Market Value After Repairs: $_____
  • Investment Analysis: ________________
  • NEGOTIATION STRATEGY:
  • PRIMARY APPROACH: ________________
  • β–‘ Request seller complete all critical repairs
  • β–‘ Request significant price reduction
  • β–‘ Request closing cost credit
  • β–‘ Combination approach
  • β–‘ Walk away from deal
  • OPTION A – Seller Repairs Critical Items:
  • – Electrical panel replacement (safety)
  • – Foundation stabilization (structural)
  • – Asbestos abatement (health)
  • – Total Value: $_____ to $_____
  • – Pros: ________________
  • – Cons: ________________
  • OPTION B – Price Reduction:
  • – Request $_____ reduction (based on average repair costs)
  • – New purchase price: $_____
  • – Pros: ________________
  • – Cons: ________________
  • OPTION C – Closing Credit:
  • – Request $_____ credit at closing
  • – Covers: ________________
  • – Lender limits: ___% of purchase price
  • – Pros: ________________
  • – Cons: ________________
  • OPTION D – Walk Away:
  • – Justified if: ________________
  • – Total investment at risk: $_____
  • – Market alternatives: ________________
  • RECOMMENDED APPROACH:
  • Based on analysis, recommend: ________________
  • Rationale:
  • 1. ________________________________
  • 2. ________________________________
  • 3. ________________________________
  • NEGOTIATION RESPONSE LETTER:
  • Dear Seller/Listing Agent,
  • Thank you for providing access for our property inspections. We remain interested in purchasing 2847 Oak Street and would like to address the inspection findings.
  • Our licensed inspectors identified the following significant items:
  • CRITICAL SAFETY ISSUES:
  • β€’ Electrical: Federal Pacific panel (fire hazard) – $3,500 average
  • β€’ Foundation: Settlement requiring stabilization – $15,000 average
  • β€’ Environmental: Asbestos requiring abatement – $10,000 average
  • MAJOR SYSTEM FAILURES:
  • β€’ Roof: Complete failure with active leaks – $20,000 average
  • β€’ Sewer: Root intrusion and bellied pipe – $11,500 average
  • β€’ HVAC: Non-functional systems – $9,000 average
  • Total estimated repairs range from $75,200 to $104,800, with an average of $90,000.
  • To proceed with the purchase, we propose:
  • ________________________________
  • ________________________________
  • ________________________________
  • We believe this is a fair resolution based on the inspection findings. Please respond by [DATE – typically 2-3 days].
  • Sincerely,
  • [Your name]
  • BACKUP NEGOTIATION POSITIONS:
  • If initial proposal rejected:
  • 1. ________________________________
  • 2. ________________________________
  • 3. ________________________________
  • Absolute minimum acceptable: ________________
  • Walk-away trigger: ________________
  • TIMELINE & NEXT STEPS:
  • Day 3 of 10: Initial inspection complete
  • Day 4-5: Schedule specialist inspections
  • Day 6: Receive specialist reports
  • Day 7: Submit negotiation response
  • Day 8-9: Negotiate resolution
  • Day 10: Remove/retain contingency
  • LESSONS LEARNED:
  • 1. Always get specialized inspections for older homes
  • 2. ________________________________
  • 3. ________________________________
  • 4. ________________________________
0 characters

🎯 Inspection Mastery Achieved

1

General inspections identify issues, specialized inspections reveal true costs

2

Always attend inspections to understand your property firsthand

3

Critical safety issues take priority over cosmetic problems

4

Inspection findings are your strongest negotiation tools

5

Professional contractors provide accurate repair estimates

6

Environmental hazards can add tens of thousands in costs

7

Credits at closing give you control over repairs

8

Sometimes walking away is the smartest decision

βœ… Property Inspection Knowledge Check

Question 1:

What type of inspection is essential for properties built before 1980 with trees near sewer lines?

Question 2:

Which electrical panel brand is considered a fire hazard requiring immediate replacement?

Question 3:

What is typically the BEST negotiation approach for inspection findings?

Question 4:

Foundation cracks wider than what measurement require structural engineer evaluation?

Question 5:

What should you do during a property inspection?

Question 6:

Asbestos is most commonly found in homes built before which year?

Question 7:

What is the typical inspection contingency period in most real estate contracts?

Question 8:

Which inspection finding would be categorized as a critical safety issue?

Question 9:

Why is radon testing important in property inspections?

Question 10:

What percentage buffer should you add to repair estimates for unknowns?

🎯 Ready to Complete Lesson 93?

Take the quiz to demonstrate your property inspection mastery.

Students achieving 90%+ across all lessons qualify for potential benefits with lending partners and employers.

⏱️ Time spent: 30 min πŸ“š Progress: 93/144 lessons 🎯 Quiz: Not yet taken

Next Up:

Lesson 94: Title Searches – Master title examination and protect against ownership issues