MODULE 5 β€’ WEEK 17 β€’ LESSON 66

Cash Flow Analysis & ROI Calculations

Master professional cash flow analysis and ROI calculations to evaluate investment profitability like a seasoned real estate investor

⏱️ 40 min πŸ’° ROI calculator πŸ“Š Cash flow analysis ❓ 10 questions
Module 5
Week 17
Lesson 66
Quiz

The $500,000 Cash Flow Calculation Mistake:

Two investors look at identical $600,000 rental properties. Investor A does basic math: $3,200 monthly rent minus $2,800 mortgage payment equals $400 monthly cash flow – looks profitable! Investor B runs professional cash flow analysis: $3,200 rent minus $2,800 mortgage, $280 taxes, $120 insurance, $160 maintenance reserve, $96 vacancy allowance, $64 management, $48 repairs, and $80 capital expenses. Real cash flow: -$448 per month – a money-losing investment. Over 10 years, Investor A loses $53,760 plus opportunity costs while Investor B avoids the deal and finds a property generating actual positive cash flow of $285/month. The difference? Professional cash flow analysis that banks, lenders, and successful investors use to separate profitable deals from financial disasters. Today you master these exact calculations.

1. Professional Cash Flow Analysis Framework

Cash flow analysis is the foundation of real estate investment evaluation. Understanding how to accurately project and calculate cash flows separates successful investors from those who lose money.

πŸ’° Complete Cash Flow Analysis System

πŸ“Š Cash Flow Formula Structure

🏠 Gross Rental Income (GRI)

Base Rental Income

Monthly Market Rent Γ— 12 months = Annual Base Rent

Example: $2,800/month Γ— 12 = $33,600/year

+ Additional Income Sources:
  • Laundry Income: $20-40/month ($240-480/year)
  • Parking Fees: $25-75/month ($300-900/year)
  • Pet Fees: $25-50/month ($300-600/year)
  • Storage Fees: $15-30/month ($180-360/year)
  • Application Fees: $50-100 per application
  • Late Fees: 3-5% of annual rent (conservative estimate)
πŸ“ˆ Total GRI Calculation:

Base Rent: $33,600

Additional Income: $1,200 (conservative)

Total GRI: $34,800/year

πŸ“‰ Operating Expenses
πŸ›οΈ Fixed Expenses (Unchanging)
Property Taxes

Calculation: Assessed Value Γ— Tax Rate

Example: $600,000 Γ— 1.2% = $7,200/year

Tip: Call county assessor for exact amount

Insurance

Landlord Policy: $800-1,500/year typical

Factors: Location, coverage, deductible

Example: $1,200/year ($100/month)

HOA/Condo Fees

Range: $50-500+/month

Includes: Common area maintenance, amenities

Example: $150/month ($1,800/year)

πŸ”§ Variable Expenses (Property Dependent)
Vacancy Allowance

Industry Standard: 5-8% of GRI

Calculation: $34,800 Γ— 6% = $2,088/year

Purpose: Accounts for turnover and vacancies

Property Management

Self-Managed: $0 (but consider your time cost)

Professional: 6-12% of collected rent

Example: 8% Γ— $34,800 = $2,784/year

Maintenance & Repairs

Rule of Thumb: 1-3% of property value

Alternative: $100-300 per unit per month

Example: $600,000 Γ— 2% = $12,000/year

Capital Expenditures (CapEx)

Purpose: Major replacements (roof, HVAC, flooring)

Calculation: 0.5-1.5% of property value

Example: $600,000 Γ— 1% = $6,000/year

πŸ”Œ Utility Expenses (If Owner-Paid)

Water/Sewer: $50-150/month

Trash: $20-50/month

Electric (Common Areas): $30-100/month

Gas (If Included): $40-120/month

Internet/Cable (If Included): $50-150/month

πŸ“Š Sample Total Operating Expenses:

Property Taxes: $7,200

Insurance: $1,200

HOA Fees: $1,800

Vacancy (6%): $2,088

Management (8%): $2,784

Maintenance (2%): $12,000

CapEx (1%): $6,000

Utilities: $1,800

Total Operating Expenses: $34,872/year

πŸ’΅ Net Operating Income (NOI)
NOI = Gross Rental Income – Operating Expenses

Example: $34,800 – $34,872 = -$72/year

This property has NEGATIVE NOI before debt service!

🎯 Why NOI Matters:
  • Bank Underwriting: Lenders use NOI to qualify loans
  • Property Valuation: NOI Γ· Cap Rate = Property Value
  • Investment Comparison: Compare properties on NOI basis
  • Cash Flow Foundation: NOI before debt service
πŸ’° Cash Flow After Debt Service
🏦 Debt Service Calculation:

Loan Amount: $480,000 (80% LTV)

Interest Rate: 7.5%

Term: 30 years

Monthly Payment: $3,357

Annual Debt Service: $40,284

πŸ“Š Final Cash Flow:

NOI: -$72

Annual Debt Service: -$40,284

Annual Cash Flow: -$40,356

Monthly Cash Flow: -$3,363

This is a TERRIBLE investment!

πŸ“‹ Professional Cash Flow Analysis Rules

βœ… Conservative Estimation Rules
  • Use Market Rent: Not asking rent, but actual market rent
  • Include Vacancy: Always assume 5-8% vacancy minimum
  • Overestimate Expenses: Better to be conservative
  • Account for CapEx: Major repairs/replacements are inevitable
  • Include Management: Even if self-managing (value your time)
🚫 Common Cash Flow Mistakes
  • Using Asking Rent: Instead of verified market rent
  • Ignoring Vacancy: Assuming 100% occupancy forever
  • Underestimating Maintenance: Old properties need more repairs
  • Forgetting CapEx: Roof, HVAC, flooring replacements
  • Excluding Management: Your time has value
  • Using Gross Yields: Instead of net cash flow
🎯 Professional Validation
  • Compare to Market: Similar properties’ actual rents
  • Verify Expenses: Call insurance companies, check tax records
  • Stress Test: What if vacancy increases or rents drop?
  • Get Multiple Quotes: Management, insurance, maintenance
  • Use Local Data: Market-specific expense ratios

2. Professional ROI Metrics and Calculations

Understanding multiple ROI metrics allows you to evaluate investments from different perspectives and communicate effectively with lenders, partners, and other investors.

πŸ“Š Complete ROI Analysis System

🎯 Capitalization Rate (Cap Rate)

Formula: Cap Rate = NOI Γ· Purchase Price

Purpose: Measures property’s income return independent of financing

πŸ“ˆ Cap Rate Example:

Property Price: $600,000

NOI: $42,000 (from a better property)

Cap Rate: $42,000 Γ· $600,000 = 7.0%

πŸ” Cap Rate Interpretation:
10%+ Cap Rate

Type: High-risk, high-return areas

Examples: Rough neighborhoods, rural areas

Pros: High cash flow potential

Cons: Higher vacancy, management challenges

7-10% Cap Rate

Type: Moderate markets, working-class areas

Examples: Secondary cities, established neighborhoods

Pros: Good balance of return and stability

Cons: Moderate appreciation potential

4-7% Cap Rate

Type: Stable, appreciating markets

Examples: Major metros, desirable suburbs

Pros: Lower risk, appreciation potential

Cons: Lower immediate cash flow

Under 4% Cap Rate

Type: Premium markets, speculation plays

Examples: Manhattan, San Francisco, premium areas

Pros: High appreciation potential

Cons: Negative cash flow, speculation risk

πŸ’Ό Professional Cap Rate Uses:
  • Property Valuation: Estimated Value = NOI Γ· Market Cap Rate
  • Market Comparison: Compare properties across different prices
  • Investment Strategy: Match cap rates to investment goals
  • Exit Planning: Estimate future sale prices

πŸ’΅ Cash-on-Cash Return

Formula: Cash-on-Cash = Annual Cash Flow Γ· Total Cash Invested

Purpose: Measures return on actual cash invested (considers financing)

πŸ’° Total Cash Invested Components:

Down Payment: $120,000 (20% of $600,000)

Closing Costs: $18,000 (3% typical)

Initial Repairs: $15,000

Reserve Fund: $10,000

Total Cash Invested: $163,000

πŸ“Š Cash-on-Cash Example (Good Property):

Annual Cash Flow: $8,400 (from profitable property)

Total Cash Invested: $163,000

Cash-on-Cash Return: $8,400 Γ· $163,000 = 5.15%

🎯 Cash-on-Cash Return Targets:
8%+ Cash-on-Cash

Rating: Excellent return

Strategy: Strong cash flow focus

Markets: Secondary cities, value-add properties

6-8% Cash-on-Cash

Rating: Good return

Strategy: Balanced cash flow and appreciation

Markets: Stable rental markets

4-6% Cash-on-Cash

Rating: Acceptable return

Strategy: Appreciation-focused investing

Markets: Major metros, appreciating areas

Under 4% Cash-on-Cash

Rating: Poor cash flow return

Strategy: Heavy appreciation speculation

Risk: High – negative cash flow possible

πŸ“ˆ Total Return Analysis

🎯 Total Return = Cash Flow + Principal Paydown + Appreciation
πŸ’΅ Cash Flow Return

Annual Cash Flow: $8,400

Cash Invested: $163,000

Cash Flow Return: 5.15%

🏦 Principal Paydown Return

Annual Principal Paydown: $6,200 (year 1)

Cash Invested: $163,000

Paydown Return: 3.80%

πŸ“Š Appreciation Return

Property Value: $600,000

Annual Appreciation: 3% = $18,000

Cash Invested: $163,000

Appreciation Return: 11.04%

πŸ† Total Annual Return:

Cash Flow: 5.15%

Principal Paydown: 3.80%

Appreciation: 11.04%

Total Return: 19.99%

⚠️ Total Return Considerations:
  • Appreciation Assumption: Not guaranteed, varies by market
  • Liquidity: Principal paydown and appreciation are not liquid
  • Market Risk: Property values can decline
  • Transaction Costs: Selling costs 6-10% of property value
  • Time Horizon: Total return analysis works best long-term

πŸ”„ Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

🎯 IRR: The Professional’s Metric

Definition: The discount rate that makes NPV of all cash flows equal zero

Purpose: Accounts for timing of cash flows and total return over holding period

πŸ“Š 10-Year IRR Example:

Initial Investment: -$163,000 (Year 0)

Annual Cash Flow: $8,400 increasing 3%/year

Sale Proceeds (Year 10): $650,000 (after selling costs)

Calculated IRR: 12.8%

πŸ” IRR Interpretation:

15%+ IRR: Excellent investment

12-15% IRR: Good investment

8-12% IRR: Acceptable investment

Under 8% IRR: Consider other options

πŸ“‹ Professional ROI Metric Comparison

Metric Best Use Advantage Limitation
Cap Rate Property comparison Financing independent Ignores leverage benefits
Cash-on-Cash Cash flow analysis Shows actual cash return Ignores appreciation
Total Return Overall performance Comprehensive view Appreciation estimates
IRR Investment comparison Time value of money Complex calculation

3. Professional Cash Flow & ROI Calculator

Analyze investment properties using the same calculations professional investors and lenders use:

πŸ’° Complete Investment Analysis Tool

⚠️ Professional Use Notice:

This calculator uses industry-standard formulas and conservative assumptions. Results provide estimates for educational purposes. Always verify local market data and consult professionals for investment decisions.

Property Information:

Rental Income:

Market rent, not asking rent
Laundry, parking, pet fees, etc.
Conservative: 5-8% minimum
Gross Rental Income:

Annual GRI: $34,800

After Vacancy: $32,712

Operating Expenses:

Check county records
Landlord policy quote
If applicable
Include even if self-managing
1-3% of property value typical
Major replacements reserve
If owner-paid
Legal, accounting, etc.
Total Operating Expenses:

Annual Total: $0

Expense Ratio: 0% of GRI

Financing Details:

Investment property minimum 20%
Investment property rates
Percentage of purchase price
Immediate fix-up costs
Emergency fund
Cash Investment Summary:

Down Payment: $120,000

Closing Costs: $18,000

Initial Repairs: $15,000

Reserve Fund: $10,000

Total Cash Invested: $163,000

Save Your Analysis:

πŸ’° Complete Investment Property Analysis

Analyze Real Investment Property (40 minutes):

Apply professional cash flow analysis and ROI calculations to evaluate an actual investment opportunity:

🏠 Property: Denver Duplex Investment

Property Information:

Address: 1247 Knox Court, Denver, CO 80204

Type: Side-by-side duplex

Year Built: 1952, renovated 2018

Size: Each unit: 900 SF, 2BR/1BA

Lot: 0.15 acres, alley access

Asking Price: $525,000

Neighborhood: Berkeley, trendy area near downtown

Current Rental Information:

Unit A: $1,650/month (current tenant, lease ends in 6 months)

Unit B: $1,595/month (month-to-month tenant)

Market Rent: $1,700-1,750/month per unit (per agent)

Rent History: Increased 5% annually last 3 years

Occupancy: Both units occupied for 2+ years

Operating Expense Information:

Property Taxes: $4,890/year (2023)

Insurance Quote: $1,450/year (landlord policy)

Utilities: Tenants pay all utilities

Water/Sewer: Owner pays, approximately $85/month

Trash: City service, $45/month

Recent Repairs: New roof 2021, HVAC updated 2020

Landscaping: Minimal, tenants maintain

Financing Options Available:

Option 1: 20% down, 7.25% rate, 30-year fixed

Option 2: 25% down, 7.0% rate, 30-year fixed

Closing Costs: Estimated 2.5% of purchase price

Inspection Issues: Minor electrical updates needed ($3,500)

Immediate Needs: Paint unit B between tenants ($2,200)

Complete Analysis Requirements:

1. Cash Flow Analysis (25 points)
  • Calculate conservative rental income projections
  • Estimate all operating expenses accurately
  • Determine Net Operating Income (NOI)
  • Calculate cash flow after debt service
2. ROI Calculations (25 points)
  • Calculate cap rate for property evaluation
  • Determine cash-on-cash return
  • Analyze total return with appreciation
  • Compare both financing options
3. Sensitivity Analysis (20 points)
  • Stress test with 10% rent decrease
  • Analyze impact of 15% vacancy rate
  • Consider higher maintenance costs
  • Evaluate interest rate increase scenarios
4. Market Comparison (15 points)
  • Compare cap rate to local market
  • Evaluate rent growth potential
  • Assess neighborhood trends
  • Consider competition and supply
5. Investment Recommendation (15 points)
  • Clear buy/don’t buy recommendation
  • Justify decision with specific numbers
  • Identify key risks and opportunities
  • Suggest negotiation strategies

Your Investment Analysis:

πŸ“‹ Cash Flow Analysis Template (always visible)

DENVER DUPLEX – INVESTMENT ANALYSIS

  • PROPERTY OVERVIEW:
  • Address: 1247 Knox Court, Denver, CO 80204
  • Type: Side-by-side duplex, 2BR/1BA each unit
  • Asking Price: $525,000
  • Year Built: 1952, renovated 2018
  • Neighborhood: Berkeley, trendy area
  • GROSS RENTAL INCOME ANALYSIS:
  • Current Rents:
  • – Unit A: $1,650/month
  • – Unit B: $1,595/month
  • – Current Total: $_____ /month
  • Market Rent Research:
  • – Market Range: $1,700-1,750/month per unit
  • – Conservative Estimate: $_____ per unit
  • – Projected Monthly: $_____ total
  • – Annual GRI: $_____ /year
  • Vacancy Allowance:
  • – Vacancy Rate Used: _____%
  • – Annual Vacancy Loss: $_____
  • – Effective Rental Income: $_____ /year
  • OPERATING EXPENSES ANALYSIS:
  • Fixed Expenses:
  • – Property Taxes: $4,890/year
  • – Insurance: $1,450/year
  • – Water/Sewer: $85/month = $_____ /year
  • – Trash: $45/month = $_____ /year
  • – Total Fixed: $_____ /year
  • Variable Expenses:
  • – Property Management: ____% = $_____ /year
  • – Maintenance & Repairs: ____% of value = $_____ /year
  • – Capital Expenditures: ____% of value = $_____ /year
  • – Other Expenses: $_____ /year
  • – Total Variable: $_____ /year
  • Total Operating Expenses: $_____ /year
  • Expense Ratio: ____% of GRI
  • NET OPERATING INCOME:
  • Effective Rental Income: $_____
  • – Total Operating Expenses: $_____
  • = Net Operating Income: $_____ /year
  • FINANCING ANALYSIS:
  • Option 1 (20% Down):
  • – Purchase Price: $525,000
  • – Down Payment: $_____ (20%)
  • – Loan Amount: $_____
  • – Interest Rate: 7.25%
  • – Monthly Payment: $_____
  • – Annual Debt Service: $_____
  • Option 2 (25% Down):
  • – Down Payment: $_____ (25%)
  • – Loan Amount: $_____
  • – Interest Rate: 7.0%
  • – Monthly Payment: $_____
  • – Annual Debt Service: $_____
  • TOTAL CASH INVESTMENT:
  • Option 1 Total Cash:
  • – Down Payment: $_____
  • – Closing Costs (2.5%): $_____
  • – Electrical Updates: $3,500
  • – Paint Unit B: $2,200
  • – Reserve Fund: $_____
  • – Total Cash Invested: $_____
  • Option 2 Total Cash:
  • – Down Payment: $_____
  • – Closing Costs (2.5%): $_____
  • – Electrical Updates: $3,500
  • – Paint Unit B: $2,200
  • – Reserve Fund: $_____
  • – Total Cash Invested: $_____
  • CASH FLOW ANALYSIS:
  • Option 1 Cash Flow:
  • – NOI: $_____
  • – Annual Debt Service: $_____
  • – Annual Cash Flow: $_____
  • – Monthly Cash Flow: $_____
  • Option 2 Cash Flow:
  • – NOI: $_____
  • – Annual Debt Service: $_____
  • – Annual Cash Flow: $_____
  • – Monthly Cash Flow: $_____
  • ROI CALCULATIONS:
  • Cap Rate Analysis:
  • – NOI: $_____
  • – Purchase Price: $525,000
  • – Cap Rate: ____%
  • – Market Cap Rate Comparison: ____% (research local market)
  • Cash-on-Cash Return (Option 1):
  • – Annual Cash Flow: $_____
  • – Total Cash Invested: $_____
  • – Cash-on-Cash Return: ____%
  • Cash-on-Cash Return (Option 2):
  • – Annual Cash Flow: $_____
  • – Total Cash Invested: $_____
  • – Cash-on-Cash Return: ____%
  • Total Return Analysis (assuming 3% appreciation):
  • Option 1:
  • – Cash Flow Return: ____%
  • – Principal Paydown: ____% (year 1)
  • – Appreciation Return: ____%
  • – Total Return: ____%
  • Option 2:
  • – Cash Flow Return: ____%
  • – Principal Paydown: ____% (year 1)
  • – Appreciation Return: ____%
  • – Total Return: ____%
  • SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS:
  • Stress Test Scenarios:
  • Scenario 1 – 10% Rent Decrease:
  • – Reduced Monthly Rent: $_____ per unit
  • – Impact on Cash Flow: $_____ /year
  • – New Cash-on-Cash Return: ____%
  • Scenario 2 – 15% Vacancy Rate:
  • – Increased Vacancy Loss: $_____ /year
  • – Impact on Cash Flow: $_____ /year
  • – New Cash-on-Cash Return: ____%
  • Scenario 3 – Higher Maintenance Costs:
  • – Increase Maintenance to 3% of value: $_____ /year
  • – Impact on Cash Flow: $_____ /year
  • – New Cash-on-Cash Return: ____%
  • Scenario 4 – Interest Rate Increase:
  • – Rate increases to 8.25%: Monthly payment $_____
  • – Impact on Cash Flow: $_____ /year
  • – New Cash-on-Cash Return: ____%
  • MARKET COMPARISON & ANALYSIS:
  • Local Market Research:
  • – Denver duplex cap rates: ____% average
  • – This property cap rate: ____%
  • – Cap rate comparison: Above/Below/At market
  • Rent Growth Analysis:
  • – Historical rent growth: 5% annually
  • – Market rent growth projection: ____%
  • – Rent growth sustainability: ________________________________
  • Neighborhood Trends:
  • – Berkeley neighborhood assessment: ________________________________
  • – Proximity to downtown: ________________________________
  • – Development/improvement trends: ________________________________
  • – Future growth potential: ________________________________
  • Competition Analysis:
  • – Comparable rental properties: ________________________________
  • – New construction impact: ________________________________
  • – Tenant demand trends: ________________________________
  • RISK ASSESSMENT:
  • Primary Risks:
  • 1. ________________________________
  • 2. ________________________________
  • 3. ________________________________
  • 4. ________________________________
  • Risk Mitigation Strategies:
  • – ________________________________
  • – ________________________________
  • – ________________________________
  • Key Opportunities:
  • 1. ________________________________
  • 2. ________________________________
  • 3. ________________________________
  • FINANCING OPTION COMPARISON:
  • Option 1 (20% Down) Pros:
  • – Lower initial cash requirement
  • – Higher leverage/potential returns
  • – ________________________________
  • Option 1 Cons:
  • – Higher monthly payment
  • – Lower cash flow
  • – ________________________________
  • Option 2 (25% Down) Pros:
  • – Better interest rate
  • – Higher cash flow
  • – ________________________________
  • Option 2 Cons:
  • – Higher cash requirement
  • – Lower leverage
  • – ________________________________
  • Recommended Financing: Option _____
  • Reasoning: ________________________________
  • NEGOTIATION STRATEGY:
  • Offer Strategy:
  • – Initial Offer: $_____ (____% below asking)
  • – Justification: ________________________________
  • – Negotiation points: ________________________________
  • Contingencies to Include:
  • – Inspection contingency: _____ days
  • – Financing contingency: _____ days
  • – Rent roll verification: ________________________________
  • – Other contingencies: ________________________________
  • FINAL INVESTMENT RECOMMENDATION:
  • Decision: BUY / DON’T BUY / NEGOTIATE
  • Key Decision Factors:
  • 1. ________________________________
  • 2. ________________________________
  • 3. ________________________________
  • 4. ________________________________
  • 5. ________________________________
  • Financial Justification:
  • Based on conservative analysis:
  • – Cap Rate: ____% (market comparison: ______)
  • – Cash-on-Cash Return: ____% (target: β‰₯6%)
  • – Monthly Cash Flow: $_____ (positive/negative)
  • – Total Return Potential: ____%
  • Risk vs Reward Assessment:
  • – Risk Level: Low/Medium/High
  • – Risk factors: ________________________________
  • – Reward potential: ________________________________
  • – Risk-adjusted return: Acceptable/Unacceptable
  • Alternative Scenarios:
  • If BUYING: ________________________________
  • If NOT BUYING: ________________________________
  • If NEGOTIATING: ________________________________
  • IMPLEMENTATION PLAN:
  • Next Steps (if proceeding):
  • 1. Submit offer at $_____ with _____ day contingencies
  • 2. Verify rent roll and expense history
  • 3. Complete professional inspection
  • 4. Finalize financing pre-approval
  • 5. ________________________________
  • Due Diligence Checklist:
  • β–‘ Verify actual rents and lease terms
  • β–‘ Review 3 years of expense history
  • β–‘ Inspect major systems (roof, HVAC, electrical)
  • β–‘ Confirm property taxes and insurance costs
  • β–‘ Research market rents for comparable units
  • β–‘ Review city/county regulations affecting property
  • β–‘ Analyze neighborhood crime and school ratings
  • β–‘ Verify parking and storage arrangements
  • LESSONS LEARNED:
  • Analysis Insights:
  • – ________________________________
  • – ________________________________
  • – ________________________________
  • Key Metrics That Drove Decision:
  • – ________________________________
  • – ________________________________
  • – ________________________________
  • Future Analysis Improvements:
  • – ________________________________
  • – ________________________________
  • – ________________________________
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🎯 Cash Flow & ROI Mastery

1

Professional cash flow analysis includes all income sources and expenses

2

Conservative vacancy allowance (5-8%) prevents overoptimistic projections

3

CapEx reserves are essential for major repairs and replacements

4

Net Operating Income (NOI) is the foundation of property valuation

5

Cap rates allow financing-independent property comparison

6

Cash-on-cash return measures actual cash return on investment

7

Total return includes cash flow, principal paydown, and appreciation

8

Sensitivity analysis tests investment performance under stress

9

Professional investors use multiple ROI metrics for complete analysis

10

You now analyze properties like banks and professional investors

βœ… Cash Flow & ROI Knowledge Check

Question 1:

What is the correct formula for calculating Net Operating Income (NOI)?

Question 2:

What is a conservative vacancy allowance for rental property analysis?

Question 3:

How do you calculate the capitalization rate (cap rate)?

Question 4:

What expenses should be included in Capital Expenditures (CapEx) reserves?

Question 5:

Cash-on-cash return is calculated as:

Question 6:

What is typically the largest operating expense for rental properties?

Question 7:

Why is sensitivity analysis important in cash flow evaluation?

Question 8:

What components make up total return analysis?

Question 9:

A property with a 6.5% cap rate in a 7.5% cap rate market indicates:

Question 10:

Professional investors typically target what minimum cash-on-cash return?

🎯 Ready to Complete Lesson 66?

Take the quiz to demonstrate your mastery of cash flow analysis and ROI calculations.

Students achieving 90%+ across all lessons qualify for potential benefits with lending partners and employers.

⏱️ Time spent: 40 min πŸ“š Progress: 66/144 lessons 🎯 Quiz: Not yet taken

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Lesson 67: Risk Assessment & Due Diligence – Identify and mitigate investment risks